Post by Michael Hobbar on Jan 17, 2012 12:27:20 GMT -5
SECTION I: First Aid
As not being a professional lifesaver, your job first and foremost is to ensure your own personal safety. If the scene is not safe, DO NOT attempt to perform any first aid. It is better to have one wounded person than two dead people.
SECTION IA: Cuts
You will encounter cuts. Treating cuts is simple, as with most injuries that result in bleeding or on the surface of your body, rinse the wound. Clean out the wound with water or a sterilizer such as alcohol (and no, not the drinking kind). After cleaning the wound, wrap the wound with a sterile gauze, bandage or cloth (You should be able to find one in any standard First Aid Kit). As you apply the bandage, maintain a firm pressure on the wound, to stop bleeding. If the cut is big and the wound bleeds through your first bandage, get a new bandage and wrap it again, keeping the original bandage there. To slow the bleeding raise the limb above the heart to slow down blood flow. For extreme cuts and lacerations resulting from Warrior slashes, SEEK MEDICAL CARE IMMEDIATELY.
SECTION IB: Dehydration
The most common problem on the battlefield is dehydration. Constant running and stress will make the body sweat…a lot. Your body NEEDS fluids to function.
Common symptoms include dry tongue, few tears, rapid heart rate, no urination, no sweat and pale, dry skin. To treat dehydration, simply give the victim fluids, recommended water at a slow steady rate. Do not over gouge on fluids.
SECTION IC: Burns
Burns are also a common occurrence in the battlefield especially near mechanized forces. To treat a 1st degree burn (light surface burn) remove clothing in effected area and rinse with cool or cold water. Cover effected area in a light bandage cover.
To treat 2nd Degree burns (some blistering of the skin and extreme redness) remove clothing. Wash effected area in cool or cold water. Do not put ice on burn nor pop may any blisters as infection occur.
To treat 3rd Degree Burns, DO NOT remove clothing that is not easily removable, this may tear skin. Make sure the victim is still breathing, if they are not, you may need to perform CPR.
In both 2nd and 3rd Degree burns, elevate the victim’s feet to help prevent shock. In any case, the victim needs to get MEDEVACed to a burn unit ASAP.
SECTION ID: Head and Spinal Injuries
Head and spinal injuries not common occurrences on the battlefield, but are critical injuries nonetheless. DO NOT move the body of any suspected head or spinal injury wait for a professional lifesaver. If necessary to move, splint the head straight with something soft such as a towel or newspapers. Try not to disrupt the body as this may result in paralysis or death.
SECTION IE: Tourniquet
A tourniquet is a constricting or compressing device used to control venous and arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time. Pressure is applied circumferentially upon the skin and underlying tissues of a limb; this pressure is transferred to the walls of vessels, causing them to become temporarily occluded. It is generally used as a tool for a medical professional in applications such as cannulation or to stem the flow of traumatic bleeding, especially by military medics.
Emergency tourniquets are used in emergency bleeding control to prevent severe blood loss from limb trauma. Emergency tourniquets are generally used as a last resort, especially in civilian applications, for all blood flow below the application of an emergency tourniquet is stopped, and can subsequently kill the tissue, leading to eventual loss of the limb below application.
However, use of tourniquets is widespread in military applications, and have the potential to save lives during major limb trauma. Analysis has shown that in cases of major limb trauma, there is no apparent link between tourniquet application and morbidity of the limb.
To apply a tourniquet, take a cloth wrap tightly above the wounded limb. Tie a stick or stick object around the tourniquet to secure the tourniquet in place.
SECTION II: CPR
CPR is an emergency procedure which is attempted in an effort to return life to a person in cardiac arrest. It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or only gasps. It may be attempted both in and outside of a hospital.
When you come across an unconscious person, you need to perform C-A-B. Compressions, Airway, Breathing.
First, start CPR compressions. Give two quick rescue breaths. Be sure to just breathe in, don’t take a huge breath first. When giving a rescue breath, plug their nose and cover their whole mouth with yours. If you are uncomfortable with breathing through their mouth, close their mouth and breath in through their nose. After giving two breaths, start compressions by interlocking fingers about on the nipple line. Keeping your elbows locked, press down about 2 inches. YOU WILL break cartilage. Perform 30 compressions at a rate of 100 compressions a minute.
After completing your first cycle of 2:30, check the airway, is it blocked? Try to remove obstructions of necessary. Perform a tilt chin lift. Press back against their forehead and raise their chin to open up the airway. Next, see if the victim is breathing, hold your ear against their open mouth. If the victim is breathing, you should hear and feel air coming out of their mouth as well as see their chest rise and fall. If not, resume compressions. 2 breaths then 30 compressions. Repeat until the victim regains consciousness or you become tired in which case, have someone else pick up where you left off if there is someone else present.
SECTION III: Biofoam and Morphine
Morphine, that's real so let's talk about that one first. As we all know, morphine is a pain killer. I'm no medical expert, so I'll leave it at that. However, I do know that you don't want to just shoot someone up with morphine. You are decreasing their heart rate and so if you keep shooting someoneup, especially if they are in shock, you could be very well signing their death warrants.
Next on our lis, biofoam. This little gadget is found in the Halo universe and I saw it being discussed in an older thread. Biofoam isn't a lifesaving drug. It is however, a lifesaving tool. Biofoam as described as something that fills up a wound to hold your organs together. Think of it as stuffing or pads used in modern day surguries. The biofoam burns. It goes into your body as a temporary fix. As said before in this guide, the casualty still needs to be CASEVACed to a rear-echelon position
SECTION IV: MEDEVAC vs CASEVAC
First of all, there seems to be a misconception that the two terms “MEDEVAC” and “CASEVAC” are the same and can be used interchangeably. This misconception is…a misconception. MEDical EVACuation is a term used for bringing casualties from a casualty collection point or the point of injury to rear-echelon medical care, most often far away from any action. MEDEVAC uses a standardized and dedicated vehicle providing en route care.
A CASualty EVACuation is differentiated in that CASEVACs are performed in situations where a standard MEDEVAC would not go such as a hot zone. CASEVAC is most generally done via air or ground, though in modern warfare, CASEVAC through a VTOL aircraft is the most common.
SECTION IV: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES
To make communicating medical and casualty evacuations easier and more efficient, the military has developed a 9 line medical evacuation message.
Line 1:
Location of the pick-up site.
Line 2:
Radio frequency, call sign, and suffix.
Line 3:
Number of patients by precedence:
A - Urgent
B - Urgent Surgical
C - Priority
D - Routine
E - Convenience
Line 4: Special equipment required:
A - None
B - Hoist
C - Extraction equipment
D - Ventilator
Line 5: Number of patients by:
A - Litter
B - Ambulatory
Line 6: Security at pick-up site:
N - No enemy troops in area
P - Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution)
E - Enemy troops in area (approach with caution)
X - Enemy troops in area (armed escort required)
* In peacetime - number and types of wounds, injuries, and illnesses
Line 7: Method of marking pick-up site:
A - Panels
B - Pyrotechnic signal
C - Smoke signal
D - None
E - Other
Line 8: Patient nationality and status:
A - Federal Military
B - Federal Civilian
C - Non- Federal Military
D - Non- Federal Civilian
E - EPW (Enemy Prisoner of War)
Line 9: NBC Contamination:
N - Nuclear
B - Biological
C – Chemical
MEDEVAC 9 Line Request Voice Template Example:
"CharlieMed, this is Echo-2-Niner, over".
"Echo-2-Niner, this is Charlie-Med, send over".
"This is Echo-2-Niner, request medevac, over".
"Echo-2-Niner this is Charlie-Med, authenticate Yankee, over".
"Charlie-Med, this is Echo-2-Niner, I authenticate Champion, over".
"Roger Echo-2-Niner, send request over".
“Roger, nine line as follows, break,”
“ONE, Tango-alpha 6577, break”
“TWO, 39.39,E-7-Romeo, break”
“THREE, 1-Charlie, 2-Delta, break”
“FOUR, Alpha, break”
“FIVE, Lima-1, Alpha-2, break”
“SIX”, November, break”
“SEVEN, Green smoke, break”
“EIGHT, Federal Military, break”
“NINE, Large raising hills to the north, and south with wires to the north running east to west, over.”
*Note that phonetic alphabet is used.*
SECTION V: Triage
Treat injuries from most severe to least severe. If someone is bleeding out, tend to them before you tend to someone with a paper cut.
As not being a professional lifesaver, your job first and foremost is to ensure your own personal safety. If the scene is not safe, DO NOT attempt to perform any first aid. It is better to have one wounded person than two dead people.
SECTION IA: Cuts
You will encounter cuts. Treating cuts is simple, as with most injuries that result in bleeding or on the surface of your body, rinse the wound. Clean out the wound with water or a sterilizer such as alcohol (and no, not the drinking kind). After cleaning the wound, wrap the wound with a sterile gauze, bandage or cloth (You should be able to find one in any standard First Aid Kit). As you apply the bandage, maintain a firm pressure on the wound, to stop bleeding. If the cut is big and the wound bleeds through your first bandage, get a new bandage and wrap it again, keeping the original bandage there. To slow the bleeding raise the limb above the heart to slow down blood flow. For extreme cuts and lacerations resulting from Warrior slashes, SEEK MEDICAL CARE IMMEDIATELY.
SECTION IB: Dehydration
The most common problem on the battlefield is dehydration. Constant running and stress will make the body sweat…a lot. Your body NEEDS fluids to function.
Common symptoms include dry tongue, few tears, rapid heart rate, no urination, no sweat and pale, dry skin. To treat dehydration, simply give the victim fluids, recommended water at a slow steady rate. Do not over gouge on fluids.
SECTION IC: Burns
Burns are also a common occurrence in the battlefield especially near mechanized forces. To treat a 1st degree burn (light surface burn) remove clothing in effected area and rinse with cool or cold water. Cover effected area in a light bandage cover.
To treat 2nd Degree burns (some blistering of the skin and extreme redness) remove clothing. Wash effected area in cool or cold water. Do not put ice on burn nor pop may any blisters as infection occur.
To treat 3rd Degree Burns, DO NOT remove clothing that is not easily removable, this may tear skin. Make sure the victim is still breathing, if they are not, you may need to perform CPR.
In both 2nd and 3rd Degree burns, elevate the victim’s feet to help prevent shock. In any case, the victim needs to get MEDEVACed to a burn unit ASAP.
SECTION ID: Head and Spinal Injuries
Head and spinal injuries not common occurrences on the battlefield, but are critical injuries nonetheless. DO NOT move the body of any suspected head or spinal injury wait for a professional lifesaver. If necessary to move, splint the head straight with something soft such as a towel or newspapers. Try not to disrupt the body as this may result in paralysis or death.
SECTION IE: Tourniquet
A tourniquet is a constricting or compressing device used to control venous and arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time. Pressure is applied circumferentially upon the skin and underlying tissues of a limb; this pressure is transferred to the walls of vessels, causing them to become temporarily occluded. It is generally used as a tool for a medical professional in applications such as cannulation or to stem the flow of traumatic bleeding, especially by military medics.
Emergency tourniquets are used in emergency bleeding control to prevent severe blood loss from limb trauma. Emergency tourniquets are generally used as a last resort, especially in civilian applications, for all blood flow below the application of an emergency tourniquet is stopped, and can subsequently kill the tissue, leading to eventual loss of the limb below application.
However, use of tourniquets is widespread in military applications, and have the potential to save lives during major limb trauma. Analysis has shown that in cases of major limb trauma, there is no apparent link between tourniquet application and morbidity of the limb.
To apply a tourniquet, take a cloth wrap tightly above the wounded limb. Tie a stick or stick object around the tourniquet to secure the tourniquet in place.
SECTION II: CPR
CPR is an emergency procedure which is attempted in an effort to return life to a person in cardiac arrest. It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or only gasps. It may be attempted both in and outside of a hospital.
When you come across an unconscious person, you need to perform C-A-B. Compressions, Airway, Breathing.
First, start CPR compressions. Give two quick rescue breaths. Be sure to just breathe in, don’t take a huge breath first. When giving a rescue breath, plug their nose and cover their whole mouth with yours. If you are uncomfortable with breathing through their mouth, close their mouth and breath in through their nose. After giving two breaths, start compressions by interlocking fingers about on the nipple line. Keeping your elbows locked, press down about 2 inches. YOU WILL break cartilage. Perform 30 compressions at a rate of 100 compressions a minute.
After completing your first cycle of 2:30, check the airway, is it blocked? Try to remove obstructions of necessary. Perform a tilt chin lift. Press back against their forehead and raise their chin to open up the airway. Next, see if the victim is breathing, hold your ear against their open mouth. If the victim is breathing, you should hear and feel air coming out of their mouth as well as see their chest rise and fall. If not, resume compressions. 2 breaths then 30 compressions. Repeat until the victim regains consciousness or you become tired in which case, have someone else pick up where you left off if there is someone else present.
SECTION III: Biofoam and Morphine
Morphine, that's real so let's talk about that one first. As we all know, morphine is a pain killer. I'm no medical expert, so I'll leave it at that. However, I do know that you don't want to just shoot someone up with morphine. You are decreasing their heart rate and so if you keep shooting someoneup, especially if they are in shock, you could be very well signing their death warrants.
Next on our lis, biofoam. This little gadget is found in the Halo universe and I saw it being discussed in an older thread. Biofoam isn't a lifesaving drug. It is however, a lifesaving tool. Biofoam as described as something that fills up a wound to hold your organs together. Think of it as stuffing or pads used in modern day surguries. The biofoam burns. It goes into your body as a temporary fix. As said before in this guide, the casualty still needs to be CASEVACed to a rear-echelon position
SECTION IV: MEDEVAC vs CASEVAC
First of all, there seems to be a misconception that the two terms “MEDEVAC” and “CASEVAC” are the same and can be used interchangeably. This misconception is…a misconception. MEDical EVACuation is a term used for bringing casualties from a casualty collection point or the point of injury to rear-echelon medical care, most often far away from any action. MEDEVAC uses a standardized and dedicated vehicle providing en route care.
A CASualty EVACuation is differentiated in that CASEVACs are performed in situations where a standard MEDEVAC would not go such as a hot zone. CASEVAC is most generally done via air or ground, though in modern warfare, CASEVAC through a VTOL aircraft is the most common.
SECTION IV: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES
To make communicating medical and casualty evacuations easier and more efficient, the military has developed a 9 line medical evacuation message.
Line 1:
Location of the pick-up site.
Line 2:
Radio frequency, call sign, and suffix.
Line 3:
Number of patients by precedence:
A - Urgent
B - Urgent Surgical
C - Priority
D - Routine
E - Convenience
Line 4: Special equipment required:
A - None
B - Hoist
C - Extraction equipment
D - Ventilator
Line 5: Number of patients by:
A - Litter
B - Ambulatory
Line 6: Security at pick-up site:
N - No enemy troops in area
P - Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution)
E - Enemy troops in area (approach with caution)
X - Enemy troops in area (armed escort required)
* In peacetime - number and types of wounds, injuries, and illnesses
Line 7: Method of marking pick-up site:
A - Panels
B - Pyrotechnic signal
C - Smoke signal
D - None
E - Other
Line 8: Patient nationality and status:
A - Federal Military
B - Federal Civilian
C - Non- Federal Military
D - Non- Federal Civilian
E - EPW (Enemy Prisoner of War)
Line 9: NBC Contamination:
N - Nuclear
B - Biological
C – Chemical
MEDEVAC 9 Line Request Voice Template Example:
"CharlieMed, this is Echo-2-Niner, over".
"Echo-2-Niner, this is Charlie-Med, send over".
"This is Echo-2-Niner, request medevac, over".
"Echo-2-Niner this is Charlie-Med, authenticate Yankee, over".
"Charlie-Med, this is Echo-2-Niner, I authenticate Champion, over".
"Roger Echo-2-Niner, send request over".
“Roger, nine line as follows, break,”
“ONE, Tango-alpha 6577, break”
“TWO, 39.39,E-7-Romeo, break”
“THREE, 1-Charlie, 2-Delta, break”
“FOUR, Alpha, break”
“FIVE, Lima-1, Alpha-2, break”
“SIX”, November, break”
“SEVEN, Green smoke, break”
“EIGHT, Federal Military, break”
“NINE, Large raising hills to the north, and south with wires to the north running east to west, over.”
*Note that phonetic alphabet is used.*
SECTION V: Triage
Treat injuries from most severe to least severe. If someone is bleeding out, tend to them before you tend to someone with a paper cut.
